The Territories and States of India 2016 by Europa Publications

Author:Europa Publications [Publications, Europa]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781857438123
Goodreads: 29465227
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2016-04-01T00:00:00+00:00

Economy

Madhya Pradesh is a relatively poor state, although some mineral wealth and a developed urban population have contributed to the creation of a modest industrial base. In current prices, the net state domestic product in 2013/14 was Rs 4,060,550m. and Rs 54,030 per head (only Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Manipur, Assam and Jharkhand recorded lower per-head figures). In the same year, according to provisional data, the state was estimated to have recorded one of the highest rates of economic growth (about 22%) in India, its infrastructure and productivity having improved significantly over the previous decade. In 2011/12 an estimated 31.7% of the population was living below the official state poverty line. Particularly given that the rail network of Madhya Pradesh is considered insufficient (although the main route connecting north and south India passes through the state—4,954 route km were recorded at March 2012), roads are vital infrastructure. Roads totalled 201,261 km at March 2012, of which 64% were surfaced. The total length of national highway was 5,185 km in 2014. There are airports at Bhopal, Indore, Gwalior, Jabalpur and Khajurajo. By the end of January 2015 the installed capacity of electricity in Madhya Pradesh was 14,260 MW (6,110 MW in the state sector, 4,307 MW from the Centre and the balance, albeit small, in the private sector), 23% of the total being hydroelectric. In the census of 2001 the literacy rate showed a great improvement on that in 1991, rising to 64.1% from 44.7%; the rate in 2011 was 69.3%.

The contribution of the agriculture, forestry and fishing sector to net domestic product in 2013/14 was 35.8%. Agriculture alone contributed 33.5% to the net domestic product, and forestry most of the rest. Agriculture is the occupation of most people in Madhya Pradesh (64% of the total employed population in 2009/10). The state does not produce sufficient quantities of food to feed itself. Rice is mainly grown in the east, and some in the south-west, along with millets, while in the north it is mainly wheat and pulses, as well as some sugar cane. Other crops include fruit, tobacco, betel leaf, cotton, chilli, vegetables, and oilseeds and groundnut (peanut). In 2013/14, according to figures from the Reserve Bank of India, total foodgrain production was 24.2m. metric tons (2.9m. tons of rice, 13.9m. tons of wheat, 2.4m. tons of coarse grain and 5.1m. tons of pulses), oilseeds 6.7m. tons, cotton 0.3m. tons and sugar cane 3.3m. tons. The sector suffers from low productivity and low-value crops. In 2013/14 the state was the largest producer of pulses (26.4%), the second largest producer of oilseeds (20.2%) and rapeseed (mustard seeds—11.3%) and the third largest producer of wheat (14.5%) and of food grain (9.1%). Livestock is important, and in 2013/14 the sector produced 9.6m. tons of milk, 967.0m. eggs and 500,000 kg of wool. In 2010/11 some 49% of the total area was sown. In 2013 31% of the total land area was forested. About two-fifths of the woodland grows economically important species such as teak, sal and bamboo.

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